Biography Of Imam Ahmad
Name And Birthplace Imam Ahmad
Imam Ahmad that his full name Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hilal bin Hanbal ash-Syaibani is a prominent hadith scholars, both in his time or afterwards.
According to some history, he was born in the city Marwin, then the state is still small, he brought his mother to Baghdad.
However, according to the well-known history, that he was born in Baghdad in Rabi al-Awwal 164 AH (780 AD), precisely during the reign of Islam held by Caliph Muhammad al-Mahdi of Bani 'Abbasids were to III.
Nasab and chew (nickname) Imam Ahmad
When investigated carefully, he nasab equal to Imam ash-Shafi'i, which is contiguous with the grandfather that lowers the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. When Imam Ash-Shafi'i concatenated with the grandfather of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم third, 'Abdul Manaf.
So pedigree Imam Ahmad continued with grandparents eighteenth, namely Nizar. Clearly, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal bin Hilal bin Principles bin Idris ibn 'Abdullah bin Hajyan bin' Abdullah bin Anas ibn 'Auf bin Qasith bin Mazin bin Syaiban bin Dzahal Tha'labah bin Akabah bin Sha'ab bin' Ali bin Bakr bin Muhammad Qasith Wa'il bin bin bin bin Afshiy Damiy bin Jadhah bin Asad bin Rabi'a bin Nizar bin Adnan bin Ma'ad.
So with a pedigree nasab above-as explored by historians then nasab Imam Ahmad allied with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, because that lowers the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is Nizar bin Mudar.
According to the chronicle, although his father was named Muhammad, but in some occasions he is better known as Ibn Hanbal (ascription to his grandfather). And after having several sons, among whom was named 'Abdullah, then he was more often being called Abu' Abd Allah. However, with regard to madzhabnya, then the Muslims when it is more call it a school of Hanbali [Hanabilah], and did not menisbatkannya with the chewing.
Growth And Scientific Spirit Of Imam Ahmad
Since childhood, Imam Ahmad though in a state of orphans and the poor, but thanks to the guidance of his mother that he was able to be human shalihah supremely love of knowledge, goodness and truth.
In an early age which is 16 years, after graduating in Baghdad, he went to Kufa, Basra, Syria, Yemen, peninsula, Makkah and Madinah. A long journey and quite tiring there is no provision for Imam Ahmad apart from passion, concern and prayers of his mother.
Reportedly, in order to finance the scientific journey to rent out his father's inheritance, namely a house and embroidered clothes. Similarly, in a history, when he ran out of stock in the middle of the journey time to the city of San'a (Yemen), it was deeply concerned and he was forced to work on a caravan. And on another occasion in order to cover its needs, he was forced to sell clothes parentheses. That he did nothing else for the sake of maintaining himself rather than asking or help.
It was thus, in an atmosphere of deprivation that determination Imam Ahmad in studying has never diminished. Even more commendable again, once he had become a priest and was followed by many Muslims, her work studying and visiting teachers more 'alim never stops.
Seeing his persistence in seeking knowledge and enthusiasm never fade, as people asked, "How long will you stop off in search of knowledge, but you now have reached a high position and had also served as priests for the Muslims?" So he answered back with a short, "Along with the ink to the grave."
Teachers Of Imam Ahmad
Lots of knowledge learned by Imam Ahmad, and he is mastered in each side. Especially the science of hadith, then this sort of thing until old age has a lot of attention. So it is not just a million hadith which he memorized by rote, but at the same time along the chain of narrators Sanad and happenings.
However nevertheless, he with all diligence to obtain advantages that are rare and seldom unmatchable this is thanks to her teachers were highly selective, well-known and highly skilled in the art. For example, from the People of the Hadith is Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qathan, Abdurrahman bin Mahdi, Yazid ibn Harun, Sufyan bin Uyainah and Abu Dawud ath-Thayalisi. Being of the jurisprudent is Waki 'ibn Jarrah, Muhammad bin Idris Shafi'i and Abu Yusuf, a friend of Abu Hanifah, and others.
Then, in the subsequent development, he became a prominent scholar and a great influence, the famous diligent in tracking the narrator-narrator of hadith that many of them no more than a sower of heresy and apostasy, is also famous for persistent and courageous in fending off various understandings who tried to turn the people of his religion.
Ulema Praise To Imam Ahmad
Said Imam al-Hasan ibn al-Rabi, "If there is no Imam Ahmad, undoubtedly many people who invent a heresy in religion."
Imam Ibn Qutaibah also said, "After the death of Imam Ats-Thaury gone wara '(caution in religion), after the death of Imam Ash-Shafi'i gone Sunnah, and after the death of Imam Ahmad later, it will be rampant acts of heresy . "
In addition to Ar-Rabi 'and Ibn Qutaibah, of the greatness of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal's, also said an Expert Hadith leading and renowned, Imam Ali al-Madini, "May Allah عزوجل maintain Ahmad bin Hanbal, because he was on this day go against God عزوجل over all His creatures. "
Zahid And Generous
As mentioned above, the noble Imam Ahmad although the one who always suffer from shortcomings, but he was very nurturing her honor. Even in such poor circumstances, he always tried to help and make her always on top.
Said Imam Yahya bin Hilal al-Warraq: I've been to Imam Ahmad, then he issued four dirhams to me, and said, "This is all I have today for you."
Imam Ahmad such generosity, he was never upset her to donate something that belongs only on that day. As witnessed by Imam Harun al-Mustamili: At one point, I've been talking to Imam Ahmad, then I asked him, "Today, I do not have anything." Then immediately he gave five dirhams, he said, "I have no longer anything other than this."
Furthermore, in addition to the wisdom and generosity compelling, noble Imam Ahmad was a famous ascetic and wara '. Net perrgaruh heart of all kinds of material, and busied himself with remembrance and read Al-Qufan, or also spend the entire age to purge religion and erode it from the impurities of heresy and perverse thoughts.
Said Sulaiman bin al-Ash'ath, "I've never heard Imam Ahmad mentions worldly affairs. And when he was hungry, he took fragments of dry bread, then dihembuskannya to get out the dust, then soaking into the water in a large bowl until wet , afterward eaten with salt. "
For the sake of maintaining asceticism, honor and dignity of the science, not the least of Imam Ahmad refused variety of gifts from the wealthy and royalty. And if even he accepts a gift or gifts from neighbors, then immediately also, he responded with deserving even more, as has been witnessed by Imam al-Marwazi, "One day Imam Ahmad received the Award of Zamzam water from a friend, then immediately he was also rewarded with good wheat and sugar. "
Imam Ahmad, like his predecessors, he was often many difficulties and trials of the rulers. But thanks to asceticism and demeanor always made hereafter in front of his eyes, then all the bit does not stop him from teaching and studying activities, so that the knowledge was growing and growing.
Imam Abu Razaq said, "Actually I have never seen someone more clever about the affairs of religious law and more rigorous actions apart from Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal." Also said Imam Ibrahim al-Harbi, "If I saw Imam Ahmad, as though God عزوجل gather her knowledge of the ancients and those who came later."
Works Imam Ahmad
From knowledge learned Imam Ahmad and taught to the Muslims, many of them he put them into writing. For instance the great work of Al-Musnad containing forty thousand hadith. In addition, he said it as a collection of hadiths authentic and worthy of proof, the work also received great recognition from the experts of hadith.
In addition to Al-Musnad above which is spearheading the fame of Imam Ahmad, also a lot of papers he others related to various disciplines, either in the form of fiqh, usul fiqh, tafsir or dates. For example Tafsir al-Qur'an, An-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh, Al-Muqaddam Muakhkhar wa al-fi al-Qur'an, Jawabat Qur'an, At-Taarikh, Al-Manasik al-Kabir, Al Manasik ash-Sagheer, Tha'atu ar-Rasul Al-'llal, Al-Wara and Ash-Salah.
Trial And Challenge Of Imam Ahmad
Trials and challenges faced by Imam Ahmad in his history is in the form of a storm blows philosophy or ideologies Mu'tazila already pervasive among the rulers, precisely in time with his Al-Ma'mun on kemakhlukan Qur'an.
Al-Ma'mun, the ruler of Bani Abasiyah successful influenced by Mutazilis and love for life philosophizing that, despite excels as a science and the love of knowledge, but in his reign has shown an attitude that is not worthy of respect. He was by all kesewenangannya Imam Ahmad has been forced to confront ideas with threats flagellation and imprisonment.
Even Imam Ahmad aware of the dangers that soon happened to him, but he remained adamant and the establishment of a sudden break every hujjah Mutazilis. As well as at the same time he also warned of the dangers of philosophy against religious purity.
"The Koran is not a creature." Imam Ahmad said firmly to the sultan. However sulthan which many hailed as a lover of intellect, for his services to instruct foreign philosophies translation into Arabic, in fact in the above issues he prefers strength, and Imam Ahmad was dragged then shamelessly menderanya and imprison him.
So in times that often Imam Ahmad exams and challenges in the form of intimidation, pressure and various torture in prisons. And that he experienced in a very long period of time between the Al-Mamun, al-Mu'tasim, and lasted until the death of al-wathiq.
After al-wathiq gone and replaced by Al-Mutawakkil Billah, the famous sulthan wise and prudent, then Imam Ahmad was freed and the Muslims also feel relieved. Because in addition to his clerical been restored, the issue that has brought many of the victims had been cleaned and was never raked up.
Death of Imam Ahmad
For Imam Ahmad after all this time in prison and excluded from society, but thanks to the perseverance and patience, in addition to being an award of the new sultan also gained luster to his name. Creating more and followed the teachings and madzhabnya was scattered mainly around Iraq and Sham region.
Eventually, after a long journey, not long before he died remember the pain and the wounds were brought from prison more severe and getting worse. He died just in the month of his birth, 12 Rabi Awwal 241 AH (855 AD). On the day of his death was not less than 130,000 (one hundred and thirty thousand) of the Muslims who want menshalatkan and 10,000 (ten thousand) Jews who converted to Islam-Nashrani crowded covering Baghdad.
Regarding the great feeling of the Muslims at that time for the loss of his clerical, can be identified by serentaknya stop all activities and flock to menshalatkan body. In fact, according to historians, has never happened bodies dishalatkan by so many people, but Ibn Taymiyah and Ahmad bin Hanbal. May God always gives the grace on both. Aamiin.
Source:
Sunnah Keyakinan Imam Ahmad Dalam Aqidah, Publication Library Darul Ilmi, Bogor, Hal.2-13Translated by writer
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